This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Formulas are given for the expectation and variance of the number of components for two definitions of random graphs. The results extend those ...

Discover how efficiency variance reveals the gap between expected and actual inputs in production and its impact on labor, materials, and costs.

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of ...