Health researchers need to fully understand the underlying assumptions to uncover cause and effect. Timothy Feeney and Paul Zivich explain Physicians ask, answer, and interpret myriad causal questions ...

In the article that accompanies this editorial, Lu et al 5 conducted a systematic review on the use of instrumental variable (IV) methods in oncology comparative effectiveness research. The main ...

Imagine we had a question: “Do men and women differ on X?” No matter what “X” is—height, empathy, knowledge of 13 th century Spanish history, or anything else—we know that any given man will be ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Writes about the future of finance and technology, follow for more. It's easy to forget that beneath the surface of every smart ...